Sigogin Android

Dukanmu mun san cewa babu iyaka Sistems na aiki, cewa software hakan yana taimaka mana wajen sanya kwamfuta ko na'urar hannu suyi aiki ba tare da matsala ba. Zamu iya samun wadanda suka fi dacewa, kamar su Windows, amma kuma akwai wasu wadanda wani lokacin ba a lura dasu, kamar yadda lamarin yake har zuwa yanzu. Android. A cikin wannan sararin samaniya zaku iya samun duk abin da ya shafi tsarin aiki na yau da kullun, shawara, bayanai da duk abin da ya dace da su.

Kowace shekara, Android tana fitar da sabon salo tare da sabbin abubuwa da cigaba. Muna gaya muku komai game da sabon juzu'in Android, sabuntawa da jita-jita game da fitowar mai zuwa.

A 2018, shekaru 10 kenan da fara amfani da Android a kasuwa. Tsarin aiki na Google ya sami cigaba na ban mamaki tsawon shekaru. Manufacturersara masana'antun da yawa suna yin amfani da wannan tsarin aiki, wanda aka fi amfani da shi a duk duniya, kuma tsawon shekaru an riga an fito da nau'i daban-daban.

Tare da kowane sabon juzu'in Android, sababbin abubuwa da manyan haɓakawa sun zo tsarin aiki. A gaba zamuyi magana game da waɗannan sigar, don ku sami cikakken haske game da juyin halittar da tayi tsawon shekaru.

Pie na Android 1.0

Nau'in farko na tsarin aiki ya fara aiki a hukumance a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2008. Wayar farko da ta fara amfani da ita ita ce HTC Dream. Tsarin aiki bai kasance cikakke ba, amma kuna iya hango abin da zai iya zama tsawon lokaci.

An riga an gabatar da wasu ayyuka waɗanda har yanzu suke a yau, kamar aiki tare da Gmel, aikace-aikacen Google kamar Maps, Kalanda, Lambobin sadarwa, YouTube ko injin binciken Google a cikin mai binciken. Kasuwar Android (sigar farko ta Google Play Store) an kuma samar dashi ga masu amfani. Kodayake a farkon watanni ba zaku iya siyan aikace-aikace ba.

A cikin shekarar 2009 an fitar da wasu nau'ikan da dama, Bikin Ayaba 1.1, Cupcake 1.5 da Donut 1.6. Jerin tsaka-tsakin sifofi ne wanda aka gabatar da sabbin ayyuka, ban da wasu ci gaba a cikin aikin Android. Babban mahimmancin shine Android 1.6 Donut, wanda yayi alamar isowa ga jama'a. HTC Magic shine babbar waya a wannan lokacin.

Android 2.0 / 2.1 Eclair

A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2009, fasali na biyu na tsarin aiki a hukumance ya zo. Yawancin labarai sun zo tare da shi, yawancin su har yanzu suna nan. An gabatar da kewayawa akan Taswirorin Google, an sake fasalin mai binciken kwata-kwata, kuma yanzu allo na gida ya zama na al'ada.

Gabatar da kewayawa a cikin Taswirorin Google ya kasance mabuɗin maɓalli don Android. Tunda wayoyin hannu suma sun zama na'urar da masu amfani zasu iya amfani dasu don daidaita kansu ko tsara hanyoyin. Babban mahimmin aiki ga masu amfani. Ofaya daga cikin wayoyin da suka yi amfani da wannan sigar tsarin shine Galaxy S. generationarni na farko na ƙarshen ƙarshen alamun Korea.

Android 2.2 Froyo

Bayan 'yan watanni kaɗan, a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2010, Froyo ya iso. A wannan ma'anar, kuna iya ganin aikin Google na yau da kullun don haɓaka tsarin aiki tare da sabbin ayyuka da canje-canje a cikin ƙirar. Wannan sigar na ɗayan waɗanda suka isa ga mafi yawan masu sauraro kuma miliyoyin masu amfani suka fara tuntuɓar su da Android.

Mai haɗa Dalvik, umarnin murya ko dacewa da Flasharfafa Flash sune manyan canje-canje waɗanda wannan sabon sigar tsarin aiki ya bar mana. Tare da wannan sigar tsarin, HTC Desire shima ya zo kasuwa. Wayar da ta sami babban farin jini tsakanin masu amfani.

Gurasar Gingerb na Android 2.3

A ƙarshen 2010 mun sami sabon sigar Android akan kasuwa. Idan waɗanda suka gabata sun riga sun ɗauki matakai masu kyau a ci gaban su a kasuwa, mai yiwuwa wannan sigar ita ce haɓakar su tabbatacciya. Ya kasance mafi kyawun sigar tsarin, ta kowace hanya. Dukansu dangane da zane da ayyuka.

A ciki, an haɗa tallafi don na'urori masu auna sigina kamar gyroscope ko barometer a karon farko. Bugu da kari, saboda wayoyi da yawa ita ce siga ta karshe da suka samu, saboda Google ya fara daina bayar da tallafi. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci saboda tare dashi farkon Samsung Galaxy Note ya zo kasuwa.

Saƙar zuma na Android 3.0

Maris 2011, kawai watanni uku bayan abin da ya gabata, muna da sabon juzu'in Android a shirye. Ba kowane irin sigar bane kawai, saboda ya zo kasuwa a tsakiyar ƙaramar kwamfutar hannu. Saboda wannan dalili, an haɓaka fasalin tsarin aiki wanda ya dace kuma da allunan.

A zahiri, wannan sigar ta 3.0 tana dacewa da allunan. Ya sanya alamar shigowar Google a cikin wannan kasuwar kasuwar. Ya kasance sigar da aka tsara don amfani da shi akan babban allo, tare da sabbin ayyuka da kuma nuna dama cikin sauƙi, da kuma yanayin yin abubuwa da yawa daban-daban. Lokaci ne na faɗaɗa a cikin kasuwa, wanda yawancin alamu suka ɗauki haɗari tare da samfura.

Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich

Watanni da yawa daga baya, a ƙarshen 2011, musamman a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2011, an ƙaddamar da sigar 4.0 na tsarin aiki. An kira sigar Android don haɗa komai. Domin an samar dashi ga wayoyi da allunan. Ya nuna farkon sabon zamanin don tsarin aiki.

A gani babban canji ne ga Google. An gabatar da fasali kamar amfani da widget din allo, maɓallan allo, da ikon share sanarwa tare da isharar. Hakanan ya nuna isowar Android Beam a hukumance akan kasuwa. Motorola na ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanoni a wannan lokacin, tare da samfura kamar Moto RAZR.

Android 4.1 Jelly Bean

Nau'in tsarin aiki na gaba, wanda aka fitar a watan Yunin 2012, ya kasance ɗayan shahararrun har yanzu. Baya ga kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin da suka fi yawan kasuwa a duniya. Kwarewar mai amfani ya canza sosai, saboda tsarin yanzu ya amsa ta hanyar da ta fi ruwa. Amfani ya fi kyau.

Umurnin murya da zuwan Google Yanzu sun kasance bangarori biyu na mahimmancin abu a cikin Android Jelly Bean. An inganta sanarwar kuma Butter Project shima ya iso, wanda ke da mahimmancin tsari. Sony Xperia Z ita ce alama a wannan lokacin. Godiya ga kyamara ta MP 13 da kasancewa mai hana ruwa, ɗayan wayoyin Android na farko a wannan batun.

Android 4.4 KitKat

Android 4.4 KitKat sigar ce ce wacce har yanzu masu amfani da yawa ke ƙaunarta. Ya kafa tushen tushen yadda tsarin aiki yake a yau. Google ya haɗa wasu mahimman fasahohi, waɗanda har yanzu suna cikin tsarin aiki a yau. Bugu da kari, ya sanya alamar isowar umarnin Ok na Google.

Tsarin ya ci gaba tare da juyin halitta, tare da ɗan tsabtace kuma mafi dacewa don amfani da kewayawa. Kari akan haka, an samu ci gaba ta yadda wayoyi masu karancin karfi zasu fi aiki a kowane lokaci. An kuma gabatar da rikodin allo akan na'urori.

Android 5.0 Lollipop

An ƙaddamar da shi a watan Nuwamba 2014, ɗayan ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan ne waɗanda suka haifar da jin daɗi na musamman tsakanin masu amfani da Android. Ba wani abu bane abin mamaki, saboda yana daga cikin wadanda suka barmu da manyan canje-canje. Design Design yayi ƙofar sa tare da wannan sigar tsarin aikin. Shi ne babban canjin da ya bar mana.

Hakanan yana nufin isowar sabbin masu sarrafa 64-bit, tunda Android yanzu suna tallafa musu. An kuma gabatar da tallafin Multiscreen, Smartlock ya isa tsarin aiki kuma a ƙarshe, Project Volta ya isa.

Android 6.0 Marshmallow

A cikin Oktoba 2015, sigar ta shida ta Android ta riga ta fara kasuwa. Ci gaba ne, wanda a bayyane yake cewa Google ya riga ya sami cikakkun ra'ayoyi game da abin da suke son cimmawa tare da tsarin aiki. Amma, ci gaba da al'adar gabatar da mahimman ci gaba a ciki.

A cikin wannan sigar, an yanke shawarar inganta abin da ya kasance a cikin Android. Babu manyan canje-canje, amma akwai ci gaba da yawa, da nufin ba da aiki mafi kyau. An inganta aikin batir, izini game da aikace-aikace yanzu ana iya sarrafawa, kuma adana kayan daidaitawa yana nan. Hakanan ya dawo da katin SD ɗin zuwa wayoyin Android. Google Now kuma ya gabatar da On Tap, wanda hakan ya haifar da tushen abin da Mataimakin Google yake a yau.

Android 7.0 Nougat

Sigogi na kwanan nan, wanda a cikin 'yan watannin nan shine mafi yawan amfani dashi a duk duniya. Isowar Google Pixel ya mamaye inuwar zuwanta. Binciken murya ya kasance ɗayan maɓallan wannan sigar ta Android. Har ila yau saitunan harshe masu sauri. Kodayake aikin da ake tsammani da yawa shine taga mai yawa. Wani abu da tuni ya iso tare da Nougat.

Kamar sigar da ta gabata, Google ya himmatu don ci gaba da inganta yawancin ɓangarorin da ke cikin tsarin aiki. Ci gabanta ya ɗan ɗan jinkiri a kasuwa, amma an san shi da kambi a matsayin sigar da ta rage tare da haɓakawa da ƙwarewar mai amfani mai kyau.

Android 8.0 Oreo

An sake shi a watan Agusta 2017, wannan sigar ta Android mutane da yawa suna magana da ita a matsayin mafi wayo duk da haka. Mataimakin Google an inganta shi a cikin Android, yana mai bayyana cewa ya riga ya kasance muhimmin abu a cikin dabarun kamfanin Amurka. Ga sauran, ƙananan haɓaka suna zuwa tsarin.

Ingantawa a ƙarewar kai tsaye, gabatarwar Yanayin Hoto-a-Hoto. Baya ga aikace-aikacen gaggawa, waɗanda zaku iya gwadawa ba tare da girka su ba, wani abu wanda kuma mai yiwuwa ne tare da wasanni. Sigar da tazo tare da ƙarni na biyu na Google Pixel. Pixel 2 XL babu shakka ɗayan ingantattun samfuran da aka saki akan Android.

Android 9.0 Pie

Nau'in kwanan nan na tsarin aiki ya zuwa yanzu, wanda aka fito dashi a watan Agusta 2018. Wani fasali wanda hankali mai wucin gadi yana nan zai zauna akan Android. Ana nufin cewa masu amfani suyi amfani da tsarin aiki a sabuwar hanya. Wani abu wanda yake nunawa a cikin isharar.

Hakanan an sami ingantawa don sarrafa baturi, ƙarfin daidaitawa. Kari akan haka, zamu ga yadda sanarwa ta zama ruwan dare gama gari a tsakanin wayoyi. Wani abu da ke tilasta tsarin da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace don dacewa da wannan sabon ƙirar akan wayoyin zamani na Android.

Android 10.0

Android 10.0 ita ce sabuwar sigar wayar tafi-da-gidanka ta Google, tare da ingantattun fasalulluka waɗanda ke ba shi gagarumin ci gaba fiye da nau'ikan da suka gabata. Wannan sigar Android tana ba da ƙwarewar mai amfani santsi da aminci, da kuma mafi girman amfani ga masu amfani.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan canje-canje a cikin wannan sigar Android shine a sabon ƙirar ƙirar mai amfani wanda ya fi fahimta da sauƙin amfani. Sabuwar ƙira ta sauƙaƙe don kewaya tsarin kuma yana ba masu amfani damar gano abin da suke buƙata da sauri. Gumakan yanzu sun fi girma kuma sun fi bayyana, kuma ƙirar gaba ɗaya ta fi na zamani da ƙaranci.

Android 10.0 kuma yana kawowa tsaro da haɓaka sirri. Misali, yanzu akwai sabon fasali mai suna "Location Limit" wanda zai baka damar sarrafa adadin bayanan da kuke rabawa tare da apps da ayyuka. Wannan yana taimaka muku kare sirrin ku da hana yin amfani da bayananku da kuskure.

Bugu da kari, wannan sigar Android ma ya inganta tallafi ga na'urori daban-daban. Wannan yana nufin cewa yanzu ana iya amfani da shi akan na'urori da yawa, kamar wayoyin hannu, kwamfutar hannu, smartwatch, da sauran na'urori. Wannan ya sa Android ya zama zaɓi mafi dacewa ga masu amfani.

Android 10.0 kuma inganta goyon baya ga aikace-aikace da wasanni. Yanzu akwai ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka don masu amfani, gami da ikon yin wasan gaskiya da haɓaka wasannin gaskiya. Wannan yana sa ƙwarewar wasan ta fi kyau kuma mafi daɗi.

Hakanan yana bayar da gagarumin ci gaba a baturi. Wannan yana nufin masu amfani za su iya jin daɗin rayuwar batir mai tsayi, ƙyale wayoyi su yi aiki tsawon lokaci ba tare da caji ba.

Android 11.0

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fasalulluka na Android 11.0 shine ingantaccen tsaro da keɓantawa. An ƙara fasalin da ke ba masu amfani damar sarrafa wanda zai iya samun damar bayanan sirri, kamar wuri, kamara, da makirufo. Wannan yana nufin cewa masu amfani suna samun ingantaccen iko akan bayanan sirri da suke rabawa.

Wani muhimmin fasalin Android 11.0 shine ingantaccen haɗin kai. Yanzu masu amfani za su iya haɗawa da Intanet ta hanyar Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, da 5G. Wannan yana nufin cewa masu amfani za su iya amfani da na'urorin su tare da mafi girman gudu da kewayo.

Hakanan, Android 11.0 ya haɗa da inganta baturi, ƙyale masu amfani don adana makamashi yayin jin daɗin ƙwarewar mai amfani. Wannan sigar tsarin aiki kuma tana ba da a mafi kyawun inganta amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ƙyale masu amfani su sami mafi kyawun kayan aikin su.

Android 11.0 kuma yana bayarwa haɓaka ƙwarewar wasan caca. An inganta wannan sigar tsarin aiki don samar da ingantattun ayyuka don wasan kwaikwayo, yana bawa masu amfani damar jin daɗin ƙwarewar wasan komai da irin na'urar da suke amfani da su.

Android 12.0

Wannan sigar ta zo cike da haɓakawa da sabbin abubuwa waɗanda za su sauƙaƙa rayuwa ga masu amfani.

Daya daga cikin fitattun fasalulluka na Android 12.0 shine sabon ƙirar mai amfani. An tsara wannan ƙirar don zama mai hankali da zamani, tare da sabon palette mai launi, mafi kyawun fahimtar motsin rai, raye-raye masu laushi, da ƙarin keɓancewa.

Wani muhimmin ci gaba shine tallafi don tsarin hoton HEIC. Wannan yana nufin cewa masu amfani za su iya ɗaukar hotuna a cikin tsari mafi girma ba tare da shafar sararin ajiya ba, wanda ya dace da masu amfani da ƙananan wayoyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

Android 12.0 kuma ya inganta kulawar sirri, wanda ke nufin cewa masu amfani suna da ƙarin iko akan abin da suke rabawa tare da wasu. Masu amfani yanzu za su iya iyakance damar yin amfani da bayanan sirri, yanke shawara lokacin da aka raba bayanai, da kuma waɗanne ƙa'idodin za su iya ganin bayanin.

Android 12.0 kuma ya inganta aikin baturi. Wannan yana nufin cewa yanzu wayoyi za su iya yin tsayi tsakanin caji, wanda ke da kyau ga waɗanda ke ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa ba tare da gida ba kuma ba su da damar shiga tashar caji.

Hakanan, Android 12.0 kuma an inganta harkokin tsaro. Wannan yana nufin cewa masu amfani za su iya samun kwanciyar hankali yayin amfani da na'urorin su, saboda tsarin aiki yanzu yana iya gano barazanar da za a iya yi da kuma toshe su kafin su iya yin lahani.

Android 13

Android 13 sigar Android ce, tsarin aiki don wayoyin hannu, wanda aka saki a watan Yuni 2020. Yana da ingantaccen sigar Android tare da sabbin abubuwa da haɓakawa.

Android 13 kuma ya haɗa da sabon sigar API ɗin Google Play Services wanda aka sani da suna Android Runtime (ART). Wannan API ɗin ya dogara ne akan yaren shirye-shiryen Java kuma yana ba masu haɓaka damar ƙirƙirar aikace-aikace tare da ƙwarewar mai amfani mafi kyau. Wannan API ɗin kuma ya haɗa da haɓaka aiki, ingantattun fasalulluka na tsaro, da ƙarin dacewa da na'urorin Android.

Wani fasalin fasalin Android 13 shine goyan bayan sabon dandamali na gaskiya na Google, Daydream. Wannan dandali yana bawa masu amfani damar jin daɗin abun ciki na gaskiya akan na'urorin hannu. Wannan dandali kuma yana ba da ingantaccen ƙwarewar mai amfani godiya ga ingantattun zane-zane, tallafi don sarrafa motsi, da mafi girman dacewa da na'urorin Android.

Idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan Android da suka gabata, Android 13 tana ba da ci gaba mai yawa ga masu amfani. Waɗannan haɓakawa sun haɗa da mafi kyawun ƙirar mai amfani na zamani, ingantaccen ƙwarewar mai amfani, mafi girman dacewa da na'urorin Android, haɓaka aiki, da ingantaccen tsaro. Waɗannan haɓakawa sun sa Android 13 ta zama ingantaccen sigar wanda ya gabace ta kuma sun ba da babbar haɓaka ga nasarar Android.